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  • 1. Introduction and Patient Preparation
  • 2. Local Anesthesia
  • 3. Tympanomeatal Flap
  • 4. Middle Ear Exposure
  • 5. Stapes Detachment
  • 6. Stapes Footplate Fenestration
  • 7. Prosthesis Placement
  • 8. Closure
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Laser Stapedotomy for Otosclerosis

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C. Scott Brown, MD; Calhoun D. Cunningham III, MD
Duke University Medical Center