<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--Arbortext, Inc., 1988-2014, v.4002-->
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<?Pub Inc?>
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Medical Insight</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <?Pub Caret -1?>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2373-6003</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>JoMI</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Boston, Massachusetts</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">340</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24296/jomi/340</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Research article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Shouldice Repair for Left Direct Inguinal Hernia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group/>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <year>2022</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2022</volume>
      <issue>06</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>2017 Journal of Medical Insight</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://jomi.com/license">
          <license-p>
            You may create an account, or sign in to gain temporary access for evaluation purposes.
                    To maintain access: please let your librarian know you would like a subscription or send us an email at subscribe@jomi.com and we will forward your feedback to your librarian.
            <uri xlink:href="https://jomi.com/license"/>
          </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://jomi.com/article/340/shouldice-repair-for-left-direct-inguinal-hernia">Content is available at https://jomi.com/article/340/shouldice-repair-for-left-direct-inguinal-hernia</self-uri>
      <abstract>
        <p>It is estimated that approximately one in four men, and one in 20 women will develop an inguinal hernia over the course of their lifetime. An inguinal hernia occurs when a hole in the lower abdominal wall allows abdominal contents to herniate into the groin. This may occur through a natural opening such as the internal ring, or through a weakness in transversalis fascia in the “direct” space, or a widening of the femoral canal. This abdominal wall defect can present as a burning, heavy, or aching sensation in the groin, and while watchful waiting can be an option for asymptomatic inguinal hernias, patients with significant symptoms of discomfort that affect their daily quality of living benefit from repair of the hernia. Surgery is most commonly performed as an elective procedure. Here we present the case of a 51-year-old male who presented with left groin pain and a bulge in the area, worsened while straining or after a long day of physical activity. The patient underwent a mesh-free hernia repair performed via the four-layer Shouldice technique as a 50-minute ambulatory/day-surgery procedure. This article and the associated video describe the pertinent history, evaluation, and operative steps of the procedure.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Inguinal hernia</kwd>
        <kwd>herniorrhaphy</kwd>
        <kwd>abdominal muscles</kwd>
        <kwd>non-mesh hernia repair</kwd>
        <kwd>hernia repair</kwd>
        <kwd>inguinal hernia repair</kwd>
        <kwd>Shouldice</kwd>
        <kwd>Shouldice technique</kwd>
        <kwd>Shouldice Hospital</kwd>
        <kwd>Open</kwd>
        <kwd>Has Animation</kwd>
        <kwd>Common</kwd>
        <kwd>Adult</kwd>
        <kwd>Male</kwd>
        <kwd>Anatomy Outline</kwd>
        <kwd>Local Anesthesia</kwd>
        <kwd>Elective</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>