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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="https://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Journal of Medical Insight</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <?Pub Caret -1?>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2373-6003</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>JoMI</publisher-name>
        <publisher-loc>Boston, Massachusetts</publisher-loc>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">249</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24296/jomi/249</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Research article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pulmonary AVM Embolization</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group/>
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2024</volume>
      <issue>02</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>2017 Journal of Medical Insight</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
        <license xlink:href="https://jomi.com/license">
          <license-p>
            You may create an account, or sign in to gain temporary access for evaluation purposes.
                    To maintain access: please let your librarian know you would like a subscription or send us an email at subscribe@jomi.com and we will forward your feedback to your librarian.
            <uri xlink:href="https://jomi.com/license"/>
          </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <self-uri content-type="html" xlink:href="https://jomi.com/article/249/pulmonary-avm-embolization">Content is available at https://jomi.com/article/249/pulmonary-avm-embolization</self-uri>
      <abstract>
        <p>Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are rare fistulous connections between pulmonary arteries and veins that, as in our case, are commonly associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). Embolotherapy, the mainstay of treatment for PAVMs, is a procedure in which the feeding arteries of a malformation are endovascularly occluded under fluoroscopic guidance. Effective and well-tolerated, embolotherapy has been shown to decrease right-to-left shunting following treatment and decrease risks of paradoxical embolization and lung hemorrhage and to improve pulmonary gas exchange and lung function. Patients are selected for treatment according to clinical suspicion for the presence of a PAVM and feeding artery diameter. The occlusion of PAVMs with arteries that exceed 2–3 mm in diameter is recommended.

Diagnostic contrast-enhanced pulmonary angiography is performed via injection of contrast through a percutaneous catheter to characterize and confirm PAVMs suitable for embolization. Lesions are then treated by catheter-directed placement of embolic material— vascular plugs in our case—into the feeding artery, terminating blood flow to the area of the lesion. Although multiple PAVMs may be embolized during a single session, in patients with HHT, who may present with large numbers of PAVMs, treatment is limited by maximum contrast dosage, and additional sessions may be performed if PAVMs remain perfused.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Pulmonary</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiography,</kwd>
        <kwd>Arteriovenous</kwd>
        <kwd>Malformation</kwd>
        <kwd>Embolization,</kwd>
        <kwd>Hereditary</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemorrhagic</kwd>
        <kwd>Telangiectasia,</kwd>
        <kwd>Interventional</kwd>
        <kwd>Radiology,</kwd>
        <kwd>IR,</kwd>
        <kwd>HHT,</kwd>
        <kwd>PAVM,</kwd>
        <kwd>Yale</kwd>
        <kwd>Advanced</kwd>
        <kwd>Pediatric</kwd>
        <kwd>Female</kwd>
        <kwd>Rare Indication</kwd>
        <kwd>Congenital</kwd>
        <kwd>Angiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Intraoperative Ultrasound (IOUS)</kwd>
        <kwd>X-Ray</kwd>
        <kwd>Intraoperative Imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Fluoroscopic Guidance</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous / Transcatheter</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>